Improvement in dentists  lamps for vulcanizing



A Nita STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN DENTISTS LAMPS FOR. VULCANIZING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,750, dated December1, 1863.

.To all whom, it 772,07/ concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. HAYES, of Buffalo, in the county of Erieand State ot' New York, have invented a new and Improved Spirit-Lamp forDentists Vulcanizing Apparatus and other Purposes 5 and I do herebydeclaire that the following is a full, clear, and

exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specilication, in which- Figure l is avertical section of a dentists vulcanizing apparatus, having my improvedlamp applied. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner. Fig. 3 is a frontview of the principal portion of the extinguishing apparatus. Fig. 4 isa top view of a portion of the-same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalgures.

The principal object of my invention is to provide for the heating ofdentists vulcanizing apparatus and the regulation ot' the heat thereofin such a manner as to effect perfect vuleanization in the shortest timepracticable, without the constant attention of the dentist, which, withthe means of heating heretofore in use, has been necessary to insureperfect work.

ln performing the vulcanizing process, the work may be heated rapidly toa temperature of about280O Fahrenheit; but beyond this point theincrease of temperature to the vulcanizng point must be regular, and notexceed lO Fahrenheit a minute. lt is also desirable to have thetemperature remain near that point for some minutes, but detrimental tohave it greatly exceed that point.

My invention consists in a novel construction of and system of burners,and in an extinguishing apparatus connected therewith, whereby the workis enabled to be heated-rapidly to as high a point as it is safe to doso, and then to heat more slowly to the vulcanizing-point, and wherebythe flame is extinguished when vulcanization has been completed.

To enable others skilled in the art to mak and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

A is the base of the lamp, having secured in its center an upright metaltube, a, which is open at the top but close at the bottom, and

which is furnished at or near its bottom with a nozzle, b, for theconnection ot'a exible tube,

c, of india-rubber or other suitable material, which supplies the spiritto the lamp from the spirit-holder B, which may be arrangedupon the sametable or base with the lamp.

Within the base A there is formed a small spirit-chamber, d, having nocommunication with the tube a, but having attached to and communicatingwith itthe bottom of a much larger tube, e, concentric with and standingup to the same height as c. This tube e has provided around itsexterior, near the top, an annular cup or channel, f, for the collectionof any overow from the said tube.

The chamber d and its tube e are lilled with spirit by temporarilyraising up the spiritholder tube c, and the tube e constitutes a burnerwhich produces a large thune which burns for a suflicient time to aidthe smaller tla'me from the tube a. in rapidly heating up thevulcanizing-box to about 2800 Fahrenheit, and when the supply of spiritin the chamber d has been all consumed, the dame from the smallercentral burner continues to slowly raise the temperature within the saidbox lo the vulcanizing-point and keep it heated to that point for asufficient length of time to complete the vulcanizingprocess. The heightof the spiritholder B should be such that the pipe a will not overflowunless the reservoir is lifted up.

Within the annular space, between the Xed tubes a and e, there is placeda double cylinder composed of two metal tubes, g and h, arranged onewithin the other, the inner and smaller tube, h, which is the shorter,being connected with the larger one at the top, and the space betweenthem being closed at 0the top, but open at the bottom. The bottom of theouter tube, y, rests on the bottom of the chamber and the said tube isjust high enough to stand even with the top of the tubes a and e. In thelower part of the tube y there are one or more openings, to provide forthe free supply ot' spirit from the chamber d to the tube e. The tube gis wrapped round externally with cloth, paper, or other poor conductorof heat, toprevent the heat from passing too rapidly to the centraltube, c, and they said tube a is lined with a smaller tube, j,

tube a, these wicks, if they may be so called,

becoming hea-ted by the flame and transmitting their heat down to thespirit and producing the vaporization thereof. The wire Z 'has' alTshaped head, which sta-nds across the burner to form a heating-surfaceto transmit the heat down to thespirit with sufcient rapidity, and onend of the said head is connected by aI rod, a with a lever, (l, workingthrough the base A, that it may be raised or lowered, while the lamp isburnin g, by a screw, l), applied to the outer end of said lever. Bythus raising and lowering the wire or wick l, so as to present a greaterportion of it above the burners, and so increase the heating-surface, agreater or less amount of evaporation is produced in the tube a., and agreater or less quantity of vaper supplied to the central burner, andthe heat from the said burner is regulated.

E is the vulcanizingvessel, of the usual or any suitable construction,supported at a suitable height above the burners upon a stand,

l F, which rests upon the baseA ofthe lamp and surrounds the burner.

vII is a lever, which constitutes the principal part ot' theextinguishing apparatus, having its fulcruin a at the bottom, and havingin its lower part a circular opening, c', just large enough to admit thetube c without contracting it. This opening intersects the axis ofthefulcrum of the lever, and on the under side of it'there is an elongatedfinger, n, which, by the movement of the lever on its fulcrum to theposition shown in red outline in Fig. l, may be made to press the tube cupward against aportiomp, of the base A, under which the said tubepasses,and to compress and close the passage of the said tube andthereby shut ottl the spirit from the lamp. The said lever has appliedto it" a spring, q, which tends to throw itto the above-mentionedposition, and it has at its upper end a hook, r, to enable its upper endto be connected with the vulcanizingbox E by means of a wire, s, Figs. 1and 4, surrounding the said box, for the purpose of holding itin theposition shown inblack outline, and thereby keeping the passage of thetubeo open. The ends ofthe Wire s are connected by two thin strips ofmetal, s s', which are'laid face to face and soldered together with Ianalloy, which will be fused by the heat of the vulcanizing-box when thelatter has reached the highest point desired. The alloy which Igenerally use tor this purpose in'vulcanizin g india-rubber is composedas follows Tin, forty-five parts; lead, twenty-seven parts; bismuth,four parts; but for other purposes lthese proportions can be varied.

In order to allow the tube c to be kept open when necessary, while thewire s is not attached, the lever is made with a T-shaped head and witha pivot-joint at t, to enable it to be hooked, as shown in red outlinein Fig. 4, against an upright standard, u, secured to the vbase of thelamp, by which means the lever can be kept in the position to leave thepassage open. v p

The operationof the lamp for vulcanizing is as follows: Thespirit-holder B, which holds a little more than sufficient for `theprocess, is filled, and the holder is then held up t'o produce an overowot' spirit from the tube a to ill the chamber d and tube e. The holder Bis then replaced on the table, the vulcanizingbox containing the work tobe vulcanized is then placed on its stand F, the wire s slipped over thesaid boxand over the hook r of the lever H, to secure the lever in theposition shown in black outline inv Fig. 1, and keep the passage of thetube c open. The lamp is then lighted, and, owing to the great heatgenerated by the two burners, the box E and its contents are quicklyheated up to about 2800 Fahrenheit.

` The quantity of spirit contained in the chamber d and tube e is suchthat it will be all consumed when lthe temperature has reached thispoint, and the inner burner,a, is so regulated by the 'wire l that itwill continue to heat the box E to 3300 Fahrenheit at the rate of onedegree per minute, when the solder which unites the strips s s' willmelt and allow the wire s to part, andso allowthe spring q to throw thelever H to the position shown in red outline in Fig. 1, and cut ottl thesupply of spirit from the holder B. The quantity of spirit thenremaining between the cutoft' u and the tip of theoburner a will thenburn with a gradually-diminishing flame for about ten minutes, when itwill be consumed, and the name will go out, and during this time thetemperature of the box E will have diminished to 3200 making in allabout twenty minutes since that point was first reached, whichissufiicient to complete vulcanization.

When it is desired to use the lamp again, the spirit-holder is to berelled, andthe ends of the wire s may be reunited by taking the pieces ss' in a pair of pliers and holding them in or over the iiame of aspirit-lamp, without the application of fresh solder.

WhatI claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, in a spiritlamp for vul-` l canizing or otherpurposes, of two burners,

one of which is supplied bya chamber, d, containing a measured quantityof spirit, and the other connected with a reservoir by means ot' anautomatic cut-oft', substantially as herein tus, to operate tosubstantially as herein specispecilied. ed.

2. The cut-off, consisting of alever, H, eny circling the ilexiblesupply-pipev c, and a Wire, GEO' E' HAYES' s, or its equivalent7 havingits ends united Witnesses: with fusible solder, applied in combinationT. H. PALMER, with the vulcanizing-box E or other appara- WM. KING, Jr.

